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Albert Einstein
Albert Einstein (German: Albert Einstein) (14 March 1879 to 18 April 1955), the world in theoretical physics. Born in Germany, to Jewish parents, he received a dual Swiss and American. Einstein is known as the author of the special theory of relativity and the theory of general relativity, which made him famous private media fame unprecedented among all physicists, won the 1921 Nobel Prize in physics. After the founding of the State of Israel was presented to Einstein the post of President of the State of Israel, but he declined, preferring not to engage in politics and made a presentation of several points of coexistence between Arabs and Jews in Palestine. The document sent by Einstein showed that it was far removed from the knowledge of political issues, complexities and far from any knowledge of the ideas upon which the Zionist Israel.
] Life
Albert Einstein was born in the German city of Ulm in 1879 and spent Ivaath age in Munich. His father, "Hermann Einstein" works in the sale of feathers used in the manufacture of pillows, and his mother worked, "Nay Pauline Koch," with management and a small workshop to manufacture electrical appliances, giving up the profession after the sale of feathers. Einstein was delayed until the child's speech three years old, but it was a great love of nature, and the ability to understand difficult mathematical concepts, has been studied only Euclidean geometry, and in spite of his membership in the Jewish, Einstein has entered a Catholic junior high school and received lessons in playing a violin, but Einstein rejected the idea of personal god and religions are full and his own show that Spinoza believed in a God of nature. In the five-year-old father gave him a compass, and Einstein realized that there was a time in space, the impact on the compass needle and remove. It was suffering from difficulty in absorption, perhaps due to the Kgelh in childhood. Rumor has it that Einstein had failed the child in mathematics Subsequently, however, likely that the amendment in the evaluation of the students then raised the degree that the child had been delayed Einstein failed in mathematics. And constructed two uncles Einstein the care and support of the child's attention to science in general Vzodah books on the sciences and mathematics. After repeated losses of the workshop, which was established by his parents in 1894, moved his family to the city of Pavia in Italy, taking advantage of the opportunity Einstein son for withdrawal from the school in Munich, which the strict rules of the hatred and the spirit of suffocating. Einstein spent the later years with his parents in the city of Milan to show that he has to determine how the ending of high school life in the Swiss town of Arua, and then advanced to the examinations the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zurich in 1895, Einstein was like teaching methods, and was often Maigtta of his time to study the physics alone, or playing on the Kmanh, that passed the examinations and graduated in 1900, but the teachers did not Erahoh to enter the university. Einstein had been a waiver of his official papers in German in 1896, making it without proof of personal identity or affiliation to any particular country, and in 1898, Einstein met with "Mylva Marek Mileva Maric" Serbian colleague on the desks and fall for, and was in the study period discuss with close friends in the science subjects. After graduating in 1900 the work of a substitute teacher at Einstein, and the following year was granted Swiss citizenship, and the livelihoods of illegal girl girlfriend Asmiaha (for Isearl) in January (January) of 1901.

)
Work
Taking most of the Einstein theory in the special and general relativity of the world, England was Isaac Newton. The boldness of Einstein in his youth prevented him from obtaining a suitable job in teaching, but with the assistance of colleagues, the father of one of the seats in the study received the post of examiner (laboratory) in the Office of the patenting of inventions in Switzerland in 1902. Einstein married his girlfriend, "Mylva" in the January 6 (January) 1903 and the livelihoods of the son carrying the name "Hans" in the 14 of May (May) in 1904, and in the meantime the work of Einstein in the Office of the Swiss registration always, preparing for a doctorate in the same period, and was able to obtain a doctorate degree in 1905 from the University of Zurich, and was the subject of the letter is about the dimensions of molecules, in the same year Einstein wrote 4 scientific articles without referring to the many scientific references or consult with his colleagues, academics, scientific articles is the first step of Physics modern today. Studied in the paper, Einstein called the name of the first Brownian motion, introduced many of the predictions about the movement of particles randomly distributed in the fluid. Einstein knew the "father of the relative" to that theory, that shook the world of science, the Nobel Prize awarded to him in another area (in effect Allekeradwii) McCann is the subject of paper II.
Special Theory of Relativity
Einstein's scientific papers and the third was the "special theory of relativity," the paper reported on time, place, and the mass, energy, and Einstein's theory contributed to the removal of the uncertainty caused by the famous experiment conducted by the American Physical "Albert Michaelson and Edward Morley chemical," the late nineteenth century in 1887 , the Einstein proved that light waves can be spread out in the open without the need for a central or field, unlike other known waves which need to be deployed by the central air or water and the speed of light is a steady pace and not with the relative movement of the observer (observed), it should be noted that Einstein's theory that contradicted entirely with the conclusions of "Isaac Newton". The designation Bacialp theory to differentiate between them and the subsequent theory of Einstein called Relativist Assembly.

.
Mid-life
In the year 1906 amounted Einstein in the hierarchy to the rank of technical examiner second class, and in 1908 the granting of leave to take lessons and lectures of the "Berne" in Switzerland, and the second child born to Einstein, who was called "Edward" in the July 28 (July) 1910, and divorced Einstein Mylva after his wife in February 14 (February) 1919 and then married to the daughter of his uncle "to Elsa Ointhal" which Tkprh three years in the June 2 (June) 1919. One did not know until this hour, nothing about the fate of Einstein's first child from his wife of illegal Mylva since some think that they died in infancy, and others believe that her parents Oattiyaha those who do not have children for adoption, and for the children of Einstein, it was one with schizophrenia and died in in the mental institution, who took treatment and care. The second son, moved to California, the United States to live in it then became a professor (Dr.) at the university, and the contacts with his father is very limited. In the year 1914 and before World War I, Einstein settled in the city, "Berlin," German, Einstein was not the advocates of the war, but Germany was of Jewish origin, Mmazbb sense of German nationalists upset about this man, and this resentment is fueled by Einstein to the German nationalists when he became Einstein known at the global level out after the magazine "Time" in the U.S. on November 7 (November) 1919 with an article confirming the validity of Einstein's theory of gravity.
Subsequent years
The arrival of the Nazi leader Adolf Hitler to power in 1933 has increased hatred towards Einstein Vathmh Nationalist Socialists (Nazis) the establishment of "Jewish physics", as some German scientists tried to undermine the rights of Einstein's theories in which the payment of Einstein fled to the United States, which in turn gave him the administration of permanently engaged in the "Institute of Advanced Studies" at the University of Princeton in New Jersey, in 1939 wrote the famous letter to U.S. President Roosevelt alerting him to the need to speed up production of the bomb before the Germans and before migrating to the United States. In 1940, Einstein became a U.S. citizen while retaining the Swiss nationality.
Einstein and Zionism
Einstein was not the position at the beginning of his life, at least, refusing to Zionism. Have been brought up and educated in Germany. Therefore, it was believed in the idea of organic, national characteristics and that inherited biological features and cultural features are acquired. Has stated that a Jew remains a Jew even if it abandoned the religion. The cross-Einstein, on several occasions, expressed his enthusiasm for the Zionist project and support it, and even participated in several activities of Zionism [1]. Einstein's position, but this was not final, as amended these positions later, he declared that the national disease, childish, and that the original nature of the conflict with the Jewish idea of establishing a Jewish state with borders and the army and secular authority. He also expressed fear of damage to the internal Jewish Sttqaibdh, if the implementation of the Zionist program, and in this rejection of the Zionist ideology and the idea of a single Jewish history. For this reason, in the same year, the Zionist affiliations and interpreted in accordance with the principles of cultural value that the architecture for the Zionist lie mainly in the «educational and unifying impact on the Jews in various countries». This statement implies a belief in the need to preserve Jewish communities around the world and to their heritage, and also mentions the possibility of coexistence between Jews and non-Jews all over the world. In 1946, he appeared before the Committee of Anglo-American and he was not satisfied with the idea of the Jewish state, adding: «I was always against this idea». This exaggeration of the part, since, as we noted earlier, made statements with the meaning of the full support of the idea of Jewish nationalism on the basis of race. What irritated Einstein Oqlgah and more than any other is the problem of the Arabs. In a letter to Weizmann in 1920, Einstein warned against neglecting the Arab problem, and advised to avoid the Zionists «rely heavily on English», and seek to cooperate with the Arabs and to hold the honor of their charters. Einstein has pointed to the danger inherent in the Zionist immigration. Einstein did not diminish the interest or the Arabs over the years. In a letter dated April 1948, is supported and Rabbi Leo Paik Magenis the position of Rabbi Yehuda, who was promoting the idea of the establishment of a joint (Arab-Jewish), he said, adding he was speaking on behalf of the principles that are the most important contribution of the Jewish people to mankind. It is well known that Einstein refused to accept the post of President of the Zionist state when he offered it.
Recent years
The Israeli government has offered the post of Head of State Einstein in 1952, but Einstein rejected the Israeli offer, saying: "I am a man of science, I am not a politician." [2]. The end of his life and accused the CIA of the communist orientation because it made scathing criticisms of the capitalist system, which was not like it. In 1952 Einstein wrote in a letter to the Belgian Queen Mother: "We have become a kind of naughty at home because of the new not being able to silence and patience for all that is happening here." [3]
Einstein has established a large part of the sport on the basis of the understanding of the laws of the small world of the atom (Almikrokuzm), and the laws of the universe, the great world (Almacrokuzm), has passed away as he tried to coordination between the two concepts in a single set of equations and Smahanzerip or common area known as the experience of Philadelphia, However, one study was unable to complete this ambiguity is still going on even now with the problems of the universe with other unresolved Ohadjitha.
] And his death
In 1955, Einstein died, and his body burned in the city, "Trenton" the mandate of "New Jersey" in the April 18 (April) 1955, scattering the ashes of the body in an undisclosed location, the conservation of the world, Einstein's brain in the jar at the forensic doctor, "Thomas Harvey" by an autopsy after his death. Einstein has recommended that the reservation Msaudath and communications at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem, and transfer rights to use the name and image to the university.