شعب الانكا ماذا تعرف عنهم باللغتين

شعب الانكا

الإنكا (Inca) إمبراطورية قديمة بنتها شعوب من الهنود الحمر في منطقة أمريكا الجنوبية، وهي ذات حضارة ضاربة في القدم وتشمل أرض الأنكا بوليفيا والبيرو والاكوادور وجزءاً من تشيلي والأرجنتين قاموا ببناء عاصمتهم كاسكو وهي مدينة مترفة ومليئة بالمعابد والقصور تقع على ارتفاع 11000 قدم فوق مستوى سطح البحر في جبال الانديز وقد أطلق عليها اسم مدينة الشمس المقدسة, تبلغ مساحتها 990000 كيلومتر مربع.
بدايتها كانت على جبال الأنديز في حوالي سنة 1100 م، واستمرت حتى الغزو الأسباني عام 1532 م. بدت حضارة شعوب الأنكا للناظرين متخلفة في شكلها وطريقة معيشتها ولكنها تركت بصمة عجيبة ومحيرة تلفها الأساطير التي تقول أنهم أتوا من الفضاء الخارجي لروعة الإرث الذي تركوه.
توصل شعب الأنكا إلى بناء دولة العدالة الاجتماعية فقد وضعت الحكومة يدها على الأرض لضمان قوت الشعب، والذهب والفضة ومعادن أخرى وقطعان الماشية وبخاصة حيوان اللاما الذي يقوم بدور المواصلات. وكانت العائلة المقياس الرئيسي في التقسيمات الحكومية، فلكل مجموعة من عشرة عائلات قائد مسؤول أمام الكابتن الذي يشرف على خمسين عائلة والذي يشارك في الحكم, ولكل عائلة مقدار معين من محصول الأرض، كما كانوا يحيكون ملابسهم ويصنعون أحذيتهم ويسبكون الذهب والفضة بأنفسهم, وكان العجزة والمرضى والفقراء يلقون رعاية كافية من المجتمع.
كان لشعب الأنكا خبرة في الزراعة حيث كانوا ينتجون محاصيل ممتازة ويشقون السواقي ليجلبوا الماء من المناطق الجبلية لسقاية حقولهم وقد بنوا جسورا مصنوعة من أغصان الكرمة والصفصاف مجدولة بالحبال.
أتقن الإنكيون نسج القطن الناعم بمهارة حتى أن الأسبان عندما غزوهم اعتقدوا بأن نسيجهم مصنوع من الحرير.‏
بعد قرون من الرخاء انقسمت إمبراطوريتهم إلى قسمين فقام الأسبان بغزوهم ودمروا الإمبراطورية.‏
تم الكشف عن بقايا إحدى مقابر الأنكا حيث عثر على حوالي 1200 رزمة في أحد الأماكن على مساحة 5 هكتارات تحتوي كل منها على جثة واحدة على الأقل، ويصل عدد الجثث الموجود في إحدى الرزم على سبع جثث ولا تزال الألوف منها مدفونة اسفل البلدة.
حتى الآن تم الكشف عن 2200 رجل وامرأة وطفل من الأغنياء والفقراء إلى جانبهم بعض الطعام والملابس وأدوات منزلية ليستخدموها في حياة الآخرة.
أمريكا الجنوبية.. تعد ثالث قارات العالم من حيث المساحة.. تنحدر أصول سكانها من قارة آسيا.. وتعرف بأراضيها المتدرجة من قمم سلسلة جبال الانديز البركانية على طول الساحل الغربي إلى السهول الخصبة في الوسط والشرق والتي تقطع مراعيها الخضراء أنهار عديدة تصب معظمها في المحيط الاطلنطي على الساحل الشرقي. تتميز أراضيها بخصوبتها ناثرة الخير في معظم أرجاء القارة.. جاء إليها البرتغال وتبعهم الإسبان في منتصف القرن السادس عشر إبان أوج مجد الامبراطوريات الأوروبية وسباقها المحموم نحو اكتشاف العالم الجديد كما اطلقوا عليه. بهر من تناودا بالحضارة الأوروبية وسيادتها بوجود حضارة ضاربة في القدم امتدت من شمال الاكوادور وحتى دولة شيلي، بنتها شعوب هندية بدت للناظرين متخلفة في شكلها وطريقة معيشتها ولكنها تركت بصمة محيرة وأساطير تقول انها أتت من الفضاء الخارجي لروعة الإرث المعروف بحضارة «شعوب الأنكا». تحيط ب «كوسكو» العاصمة أربع مدن رئيسية بطرق غاية في دقة الاناقة والتعبيد قدرت اطوالها ما بين عشرة إلى خمسة وعشرين ألف كيلومتر تعد من عجائب شق الجبال في تلك الحقبة التاريخية ومنها ما هو خاص فقط بالملك وأسرته ومنها ما هو للخدم، تتجه لأربع ولايات رئيسية تمثل «شينشايسويو» الموجودة في كولومبيا الحالية و«كونتيسويو» في شيلي الآن و«كولاسيو» في دولة بوليفيا و«انتيسويو» في الأرجنتين الحالية وتلك المدن التي ما زالت موجودة تبين الحجم الشاسع لأراضي امبراطورية الأنكا.
•
Colonial conspiracy
Cultural heritage in the Incas, there were eight kings, starting with the founder Asiturien «Mangku Kobhak» and even «The Erakoa», continues to rule the royal family up to four ten generation. When the European invaders arrived to the region in the reign of King «Bachakotk» in 1471 entered a whole generation of kings in a bitter struggle for a long time to spread it over a white man and the fiery political cunning, and the kings of Mwbaderh Incas assassinated at times one and sometimes Ihadden until the arrival of supplies from Europe until the Captain was able to Spanish «Martin Garcia» marriage are yours «Tupac Amarillo» and then capture and get rid of him so he condemned the imperial capital of Cuzco in 1572 and began to plunder the date of age-old civilization in about 1200 BC. Took the Spanish city of «Cuzco» capital have so devastated by a powerful earthquake in 1650.
Photos of civilization and governance
The word «Anka» means the King or the only son of the Sun One of the features is that his sister married sister to preserve the royal blood and is called the Queen «Cuya» The two descendants of the sun god worship according to the wrong, and is said to be descendants of the empire was the four hundred children of this hybrid and the King Only the right to grant additional noble wife of the elite .. This is still usually carried out to date between the rich forest in the jungles of the feudal «Peru» and «Ecuador» and «Bolivia» and some Latin American countries. Inca pyramids built his socially defined person as ruler is an absolute class comes after the «Alaurijones» nobles or those with large ears attached to their heavy jewelry and then «Alrona» or public servants of the people and homes or «Alyankonaz» and then the slave or «Almitmeyz» One of the manifestations of the kings of the Incas who wants to enter the king should carry great weight on his back and crawl into his eyes and lifted from the ground when talking with the king, who is usually surrounded by a number of his wives in order to survey one's mouth when it comes to magic, which may prevent him to involve grassroots King!! And holds the King Hodge of gold and wearing clothes of the finest types of wool and usually do not touch his feet in the ground and holds a golden scepter king three hawks and wearing a golden mask similar to the sun-called «Mascaibacha» rope hanging from the golden twine called «the Olayto» and wear a hat and ostrich feathers Hgayn Gold and the cover of the skin and wool from the rare Alvicua football Loin Almrassa and even precious stones and French created. The land along the slopes of the Andes, they find the cold skilled in spinning wool and weaving layers of clothing to avoid the evil Yoshhaa cold, rich in gold and precious stones which abound in the Kingdom a natural product of the volcanoes, it is like there is in the form at the mouths of rivers Paljahez without mining states, making it the coveted Spanish invaders is after them in Portuguese recent history, known as the embalming of the Incas and the civilizations of ancient Egyptian and Sudanese Nubia and built the pyramids in Mexico are in place now to save the mummies of kings «Malikii» and all their belongings, which they claim they will use in the life hereafter. Official language of the State called «Runa Simi Runa Simi» It is not written to date, but has been transmitted orally and is the language of the Quechua language. Inca life was adopted legally punished if you say you are «a thief or a liar or lazy» The law went into force of the grassroots people.
Incas known engineering standards reflected in the minutes and a little known sculptors of ancient civilizations like them because they simply did not have the introduction of any of the civilizations in the region, creating myths and legends as to how those rocks and sculptures as if they used the exact population of other planets, the sun temple built «Alwakas», building bridges and outstanding «Shaka» corridors between high mountains and thundering mountain rivers using ropes woven metals, supported on huge wooden scaffolding to withdraw a certain person takes a rope from the top of the summit, with pulleys and was similar to the system engineers are trained to the length of the road network in the Empire, supported the Bridge mail system, known as «Chasski», which was used by the young people who are riding the powerful animal, a llama, which combines the similarities between the ostrich and the horse for the transfer of a verbal message, material, or with foreign currencies and property taxes, known as «Kobeko» and beyond a distance of 250 miles per day between the hammers in a very mountainous Slalom which indicates a good Indian Inca, Inca has succeeded to a large extent in the link between rock carved with the Commonwealth of materials, their villages were the words of the houses built in a large class of rocks found in the bosom of Mount overlooking the valley for farming, including the houses guest rooms and sleep food stores, as desired, both of ventilation and light technical skilled Bonaml stunned archaeologists have been given knowledge of the roles so genial Almighty, has been attributed to the fact that the nature of volcanic belt known as the month of earthquakes in the world, making them Ihtaton not resort to the use of mud, but rely Association to dig a piece of rock and one large-scale housing residents, making it convenient to their towns and villages, a school for modern architects to the present. God has endowed the art of the Inca agricultural traps before all other civilizations in the fertile volcanic lands that were not to stand up to heavy precipitation to the mountains, but rain created a sophisticated system of irrigation water to come in like a dam and then tells the ground slowly without leveling or loss negligible.
Beliefs of the Incas
Incas in the pagan peoples of the full strike, animals and birds such as mountain lion or Alcajawar The Owl and the natural features, such as thunder and lightning have built temples to worship and protected its priests are appointed to serve as mediators between the public and Iebdonh «The Erakoa» Zachrvo and those temples with gold and precious stones and provide them with the sacrifice of alien such as the slaughter of an orphan girl did not inform the parents at the beginning of the rainy season .. But some scholars date the transition to a reverence for the sun, and named this Tnithm «Ante» or the son of the sun and built the pyramids included for that purpose to reach the sunlight above the dense forests of the Amazon Tmantm evidence of the relative and were united after the scope of the Empire. Anka Wade called the «Machu Pichu comprehensive Besho» they consider sacred River valley, cut «Oorobamba» Bible, they are keen to traffic and the wash water and the river in the belief that supernatural forces exist a person who passes by, It is strange that they would ingest small pebble stones of the valley or even Oashabh put under the tongue or skin, or even Mkhadahm them, thinking they are the enemies of ignorance and bring luck or magic cure and increase the power of sex, the immune system against diseases. Incas excelled in herbal medicine and in particular the requirements of the beauty of the skin and a net lose of weight and treatment of diseases of the blood and digestive system, where they discovered that the experience of some of the roots of plants in the forests of the Andes Mountains and the role in that.
Marriage Incas
Incas usually marry at an early age between 15 to 20 years and it is surprising that the husband does not have a hand in the selection, but the family or the leaders or owners of the land are the ones who choose him and his wife in the primary measure of marriage is to reproduce the numerical Etwaldon where large numbers of the need to help in Ayad work and assistance in the life of the mountains are usually harsh and provide gold or precious stones as gifts from the husband's family and provide the people of the bride clothes woolen yarn and wonderful grain stored. Women have an essential role in the life of the Incas, where depends on aspects of life hand in hand with the men in agriculture and animal grazing «alpaca» which is similar to sheep-rearing children, but this does not preclude the absolute sovereignty of man.
Death
When people feel Incas sounded term processes, in particular in the customs of the whole called «Shaman» the person knows the location of his burial and the purposes for which it will be and how Thanith and how to temporarily return to life after death, they are sure they have within the prevailing myths that people spend only three days after the dead and then back to life in the form of another person.
Civilization, the civilization did not hold other
Impressed the people of the Kingdom of Incas, American Indians, the indigenous population of Latin America and the researchers of ancient civilizations that it did not take any of the civilizations nearby and they grew up in one of the roof tops the world in addition to the establishment of the huge pyramids of stone and are very precise and engineering, have brought huge stones from the mountains to the mid-distant forest routes around the arguments raised by some, even too much imagination in the intervention by aliens lived with them, the rich culture of the Incas to the general circulation of gems and precious metals used in the manner of sale and purchase of barter in addition to the availability of reasonable agricultural wealth that made it all coveted by the Spanish and Portuguese colonists, who stole These are the riches of civilization has been terrible in its various forms and to this day trying to emulsifiable the wealth of nations and civilizations in various parts of the globe in different ways. It remains for us to know that the effects that reflect the origin of the Incas has been severely damaged by several earthquakes hit the region at home and on the coasts have Dthert the most important of these effects in the waters of a sense of my heart

مميز